I have long been an advocate for high quality urban public
schools and an opponent of PA Republican Tom Corbett’s wholesale slashing of
financial support for poor urban school districts like the Chester-Upland and
Philadelphia School Districts. The former is facing dissolution and the
prospect that its students will have to attend neighboring school districts,
while the latter has put forth a bold plan for reducing central school administration
roles and decentralizing the school district. I see both moves as responses to calculated
efforts by wealthy elites to destroy urban public education and to ignore the
needs of thousands of families and children who deserve as good an educational
system as any wealthy suburban community.
With all that said, I find myself in the tentative position
of supporting the Philadelphia School Reform Commission’s (SRC) plan to
restructure the school district; but I do so with some strong caveats. As I
understand it, the plan contains the following components.
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First, the SRC proposes that the district be
broken up into “achievement networks” that would include approximately 25
schools. Principals within those schools would be given greater autonomy to
decide what programs to include and which teachers to work in their schools. The
better performing a school, the more autonomy they would receive.
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Second, as many as 40 low performing schools
would be closed with the idea of moving those students into “high performing”
schools, which could be either public or charter schools. This aspect of the
proposal is projected to increase the percentage of students attending charter
school to grow from its current 25% to 40% in the next 5 years. The proposal
calls for new charter schools, but to only allow nonprofit partners to operate
rather than for-profit companies such as Edison schools.
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Third,
the district is charged with providing “high quality…individually tailored training
for principals and teachers” (Lerum, 2012).
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Finally the district seeks to outsource many
supportive functions such as maintenance, transportation and cleaning.
Now these bold proposals being put forth by the SRC are not
primarily driven by a progressive educational agenda; rather they are a
response to the massive budget cuts required because of the loss of state
funding for the Philadelphia School District. In this blog I
have contended that the conservative agenda being put forth by Governor Corbett
and others of his ilk is nothing less than the destruction of public education
for poor people in favor of vouchers and private schools. Moreover, I have made clear my concern that charter schools drain money from the public school system
and undercut the possibility for community input and control of those schools. Charter schools also are allowed to hire non-certified teachers
and to expel students who do not fit in their system, thus sending them back to
overcrowded, underfunded public schools.
So how is it that I can support this plan?
First, I support it because it is the best response to a bad
funding situation. The SRC is to be commended for trying to do something
innovative with the money they have to work with. Second, I support it because
it gives principals and teachers more autonomy to respond to the needs of their
students and families in ways that are appropriate. Under former superintendent
Ackerman I saw many innovative local initiatives undercut by directives from
the central administration that did not take into account the unique challenges
faced by teachers and administrators in local schools.
However, I offer my support with the following conditions
and caveats. First of all, with the development of the achievement networks
there needs to be the offer of sufficient resources for training and
accountability. I asked one middle school teacher in a “low performing school”
what he thought of the plan, and he said candidly, if the right person is in
the principal’s office the plan would be a great improvement, but if unqualified
or incompetent principals are allowed to stay in their jobs such a plan is a recipe for further chaos. Thus, the SRC, the
Philadelphia City Council and the state and Congressional legislators must continue
to seek adequate funding to provide this support. Giving people freedom to be
creative without the resources to do so is setting people up for failure.
Giving people freedom without proper accountability, is to sweep the problem
under the rug.
Second, if the plan does in fact significantly increase the
role of charter schools, restrictions must be placed on those schools regarding
the expulsion of low performing and problem students. If charter schools want
to become a significant player, they cannot simply push their problems back
onto the local public schools. Charter schools need to employ special education
teachers who can address some of the unique emotional and behavioral challenges
that face our students, and not simply send them out as “failures” in their
system. Charter schools must not be allowed to be selective in their pursuit of
excellence, they must demonstrate their excellence by serving all students.
Finally, school district officials (the SRC and administrators)
need to stop looking for “quick fixes” and commit themselves to a long term
strategy for change. People who have been observing the school district far
longer than me, have seen too many innovations come and go. Measures of success
cannot simply be limited to test scores, but must include school attendance,
school climate and the relationships develop among teachers, principals,
students and families. While these other things are much harder to measure,
they are vital to the overall success of a school. Furthermore, such changes require
not just a quick fix but a wholesale culture change which can take several
years. One of the most tragic decisions I have witnessed was the firing of WestPhiladelphia HS principal Saliyah Cruz whose efforts to create a safe and
enjoyable school were widely recognized to be successful; however in her three
years as principal there had not been a significant change in test scores. Any
reasonable person could have recognized that before test scores could improve
the school climate needed to be addressed, yet a desire for a quick rise in
test scores led her to be transferred out of that position. The kind of
short-sightedness indicated by the Cruz decision is deadly to any effort at
sustainable, lasting change.
While many teachers and other school workers oppose the
plan, the fact is that the current system has not served most students well; the primary focus needs to be on what will serve all of the district's students well. Given the hard choices forced on them by declining resources, the SRC is to be
commended for its bold plan. Change will be painful, and there will be many
stops and starts. My hope and plea is to give the plan time to work, and
realize that given the anti-public school climate in Harrisburg and elsewhere,
this plan for reform faces tough sledding, but it’s worth giving it a try.
Sources:
Graham, K (2012). Phila School District plan includes
restructuring and school closings. Philadelphia Inquirer, April 24, 2012).
Kerkstra, P. (2012). A window to school reform. Philadelphia
Inquirer, May 4, 2012.
Lerum, E. (2012). A bold plan to fix city’s schools.
Philadelphia Inquirer (May 17, 2012)
Whitehorne, R (2012). Commentary: Is there a ‘silent
majority for the District’s transformation plan. The Notebook, May 24, 2012.
